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Harouf in the first half of the Twentieth Century
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A social - cultural - political and economic study |
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Preparation: |
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Ali Abbas Harqous |
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Supervision: |
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Dr. Wajih Kawtharani |
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A letter prepared to obtain a post graduate diploma
in history |
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In
The Lebanese University
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The Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences
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Section I
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History Department
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1- Research Introduction |
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2-
Subject Choice |
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3- Method of Research
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4- Letter Scheme
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5- A Word of Thanks |
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Introduction |
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History
scored past and the present.
From this rich record of events and
attitudes, the future benefits from the experience and expertise of
the past and present.
(Amelian) Land
Knew,
through its long and bitter history, a
sharply
conflict, which makes
events
left
their
historic
marks
with different colors and various forms, represented by the
fortresses, strongholds and caves, since the times of
pagan
theology
and
crusade,
passing
by Islamic
effects which appeared
with the emergence of the Islamic faith in the Seventh Century.
That
was pilgrimage, mosques and silos, which are still with the proud
fixed as mountains to this day, in more than (Amelian) spot, that make
political events and wars
failed
to obliterate its effects.
These
spiritual and archaeological beacons, confer on the Amel mountain blessing and sanctity of
the sky. As for example: (Youshaa') scene, the (Prophet Munther) and
(Hazkell), (Jacob daughters), (Shamaa'), (Ali Al-Tahir), (Sujud), the
(Prophet Qassim and Alaouithi), (Sheeth) and other...
These
archaeological
keys,
with its kinds and forms, are a strong proof of the importance of
this land, sites and tenders, towns and villages, throughout the
history.
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Subject Choice |
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For
each village a history, as is the case for each people.
The
historic
movement has played, with the political circumstances,
economic, social and intellectual, its role in the evolution of human
societies. As starting from the one
development
stage of
modest, simple agglomerations,
to the gatherings, which began pastorally, and then to
the hamlets and farms, villages and cities in the civilian
deportees in sophisticated stage, known to man after the well advanced
from awareness and prosperity and civil rights.
And "Harouf" is one of the Lebanese villages, which
was formed in, under this long historical movement, although we
do not yet have a fulfilled clear answer on questions.. when? and how?. This is not negligence or dereliction of us,
but the
loss of historical sources on the subject, except for the modest
information we are able to collect from the encyclopedia of (Boutros Mirhej) " know Lebanon" on the origins of
naming and its meaning in Hebrew and Syriaclic.
This
designation is an evidence of its deep historical depth.
However,
the historical reality and the field, suggests to us that as limit and
as much as they answer some questions by some dependent
archaeological deployed on the outskirts of this village, such
manifestations constructive in the (Dairqays) in the
Eastern
outlying area
of Harouf village.
With some caves of
wonderful
archaeological as (Bazzaz)
cave, in the Western
outlying
area of Harouf, and
(Al-Jabbanah) cave, and
some old wells, proving the depth of this village in history.
Also, the
stone dams located above (Ayen Alqaryah) and (Ayen Bneet),
and the huge stone for the (Ayen Al-Dahab) in the Eastern
outlying
area of Harouf, is only with the archaeological signs, showing foothold
feet of these ancient peoples for this village.
There
are also mortars of
archaeological
presses, painting in a
rock in a wonderful and surprising artistic treasures. Add
to this the (Shakriah
neighborhood)
in Harouf, which represents in a stage,
its feudal clan conflict in the (Amel Mountain), in
Southern Bishara
Area, in the Seventeenth Century, between them and the family of Ali Al-Sagheer 1649.
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In
response to me to some of the Haroufies events, and the desire
to search and detect the ambiguity of this Amelian
modest village, which has played in
a
period,
a social
and intellectual role
in Amel Mountain, by the efforts of its literates, notables and
chieftains, the
likes of Sheikh Hassan Houmani, novelist and poet Mohammad Ali
Al-Houmani, Assayed Ali Fahss, Assayed Amin Qassem Badreddin, The chieftains of
Al Karaki; Amin, Hassan, Hussein and Mohammad, Sheikh Abdel Latif Qassem Moussa and many other...
In the later days of the French mandate in 1920,
the Haroufies played a liberal role, they stood, in the words of
Senates and the elderly, a steadfast stand against French
colonialism.
They
expressed that in the writings and poetry terminals, and in stance to the
rebels side, as (Adham Khanjar) and (Sadeq Hamzah) and the like.
Who
provided them subsidies and facilities in the evidence and
information, food and accommodation, in loving them for their heroic
revolution against occupation forces and against the
imperialists. Also a participated named, (Issa Qassem), a person from
the town of Jibsheet, who already was resident in Harouf, on the
side of this movement.
Harouf has paid a heavy price for this stand and
uprising,
like all Amelian villages, which has risen up against French.
It was penalized pay financial penalties, and
the imposition of blackmail, the house searches in search of
weapons.
In addition to imposing sanctions moral and material as a
delivery siege, and negligence in the building of schools, not
to mention the harassment and the seeds of sectarian sedition
that colonizer planted in the hearts of the sons of one nation, to break their unity.
Except this fine penalties of (Al-Farwadah) and rifles imposed
by the colonizer on the uprising forces. From this historical point, and as a grandchildren of the ancient people of this Amelian village, I found in this modest research, a sent up to a forgotten ring, added to the Amelian compositor contract, hoping thus providing the historical library with, and
a great
service for struggling Amelian generations.
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The Method of Research |
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For each research, its own objective systematize, according to the
sequence of events.
And Harouf history, is inseparable
in its public events, from the history of Amel Mountain, or rather,
from the history of Lebanon as a whole.
So
then
Amel Mountain, is divided in terms of the political history to
the old, average and new talk.
Harouf, in political nature subject to these three roles.
But the loss of documents, manuscripts and the sources, add many
of the uncertainty on the study of these roles and their impact
on Harouf in particular.
But
as from the side of importance and the public, it is an
interactive and impact village,
as a one part out of all.
As
feudal Leadership
since the Eighteenth Century which is practiced on the Amelian
Land, in a away, where
many problems and complexities, until the (Ottomani) rule in 1918,
up to the onset of the French mandate in 1920, the population remained in Amel Mountain
as Harouf under
this tool of authoritarian rule.
With the onset of the Lebanese
independence in 1943, the feudal leaders and their
grandchildren with a recommendation of French became, appointed political leaders, or by
superficiality
election. So,
now feudalism became the master of political life, in Amel Mountain and the area
of Nabatiyeh. Since
the
clan ruling,
represented by Al, Al-Zein, Al-Assad, Al-Fadhel, and their
followers subsequently as Al Shaheen, and Sabbah, they were and
continue to rotate in a representational places in the Lebanese Parliament,
since the Administrative Committee for Grand Lebanon 1920,
up to the representative Council in 1925, and to this day.
These
themes combined, had to be documented and examined, according to
an
objective and clear systematic
context, aiming to keep in
systematic integration
complement with both of them, and
to commensurate with the historical research, and the sequence of events in time.
In touched on the intellectual, social
and
economic aspects,
as to the overlap of their effects in events.
I humbly confess, that I have not reach the perfect in
this research, but as I could, I sought to it and desired it, hoping
from the God, reconcile and fulfilling.
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The Scheme of the Letter (Research) |
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This letter was divided into an introduction, a conclusion,
two sections, a supplement with documents and
manuscripts, references and sources, and an index of
contents.
The
first section consisted of three chapters, The first chapter
deals with the historical context of Amel Mountain, the
second chapter
talks about the geographical and
historical framework
for Harouf, with
the mention of the famous places in the village, and the water
project. While chapter three, was searching in the intellectual
and cultural movement, passing with educational phase, since the beginning of the 20th until the Fiftieth Century,
with the mention of intellectual and cultural interaction
for the Amel social, with the Haroufies
emerging.
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While
the second section, the latter, was put for the political, social and economic situation, with the study of habits and traditions, presentation of the reasons and substantive grounds that
pushed Harouf people to different kinds of internal
and abroad migration, particularly to the homes of America
and Africa, and in another stage to the Gulf countries. This section is also mentioned the impact of the migration on the social and economic situation from both sides, positive and negative
effects.
As the last chapter of this section is pointed to the side of agricultural, animal and
communications, with the commercial market.
Also
it's addressed in a concise, to the light industry of
Harouf, as in
Haj/ Ibrahim Hamdan, and Haj/ Mahmoud Harb
factories,
with the entry of modern machine to the village (wheat... mill).
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The research concludes, by outlining the
obstacles and difficulties, that researcher has faced, in
getting real
access to sources and documents, or overlap in the words
down by storytellers, and that prompted the researcher to
the screening mostly and linked to a research comes with coherent
and integrated approach. |
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God
is with the intent behind
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Harouf on March 15, 1986
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The above tracks of this Research, is an account of the contents of
the Letter in general, as for the details, we will have a
detailed and phased deal in the coming days, God Almighty. |
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A word of thanks from sons of Harouf
Town
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We, the people of the
struggling
Southern town,
Harouf,
with the different views and attitudes of intellectual,
ideological, and political, go to the writer and author
of this important historical research, Professor Al-Haj/
Ali Abbas Harqous, with many thanks, love and deep
gratitude and appreciation, for the strenuous
and distinguished efforts to produce as this
important historic and serious
research, which really enriches the historical library
in the South and Lebanon, for the
new, important and distinctive
information, about the history of this rich
converged
village.
Call
a hope, from God Almighty, health and wellness progress
and compromise for every people in Harouf.
We hope, in God Almighty, that inspires the rest of the
people of Harouf, to give such
fruitful constructive
efforts, for what is good and the interests of the town
and its citizens.
God is the arbiter of success.
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